Table 1
Volatile flavor compounds identified in yuzu, kumquat, lemon and lime

No	RI1)	Compounds name	MF2)	MW3)	Yuzu		Kumquat		Lemon		Lime
					Area%	mg/kg	Area%	mg/kg	Area%	mg/kg	Area%	mg/kg
							Hydrocarbons
1	922	Tricyclene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	-	-	-	-	0	0.13^b4)	0.01	0.21^a
2	926	α-Thujene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	1.5	55.65^c	-	-	0.91	27.62^b	0.94	20.71^a
3	933	α-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	3.8	141.₂₄^d	3.25	20.22^a	2.86	86.47^c	2.78	61.50^b
4	950	Camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	0.06	2.37^a	-	-	0.08	2.36^a	0.16	3.47^b
5	973	Sabinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	1.38	51.19^b,c	0.89	5.56^a	2.65	80.01^c	2.45	54.08^b,c
6	979	β-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	3.21	119.36^a	-	-	7.92	239.45^c	7.74	171.06^b
7	989	β-Myrcene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	4.56	169.34^b	12.77	79.43^a	5.67	171.51^b	2.74	60.62^a
8	1007	α-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	3.09	114.76^b	-	-	0.17	5.14^a	0.₁₅	3.22^a
9	1018	α-Terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	0.82	30.47^b	-	-	0.42	12.61^a	0.71	15.79^a
₁₀	1027	p-Cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	134	1.₂₄	45.98^b	-	-	0.62	18.90^a	-	-
11	1030	Limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	35.03	1,300.68^b	63.82	397.13^a	40.35	1,221.79^b	25.06	553.58^a
12	1049	(E)-β-Ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	2.31	85.84^b	-	-	0.27	8.28^a	0.31	6.82^a
I.S	1060	Butyl benzene	C₁₀H₁₄	134	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
13	1068	γ-Terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	13.46	499.78^d	0.16	1.01^a	11.57	349.95^c	9.64	212.98^b
14	1089	α-Terpinolene	C₁₀H₁₆	136	2.₂₄	83.36^d	0.14	0.85^a	1.6	48.40^c	1.66	36.64^b
15	1115	1,3,8-p-Menthatriene	C₁₀H₁₄	134	-	-	0.06	0.39^b	0.01	0.₂₄^a	0.01	0.26^a
16	1337	δ-Elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.25	9.17^c	0.₂₄	1.48^a	-	-	0.11	2.51^b
17	1379	α-Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.35	12.90^b	0.1	0.63^a	-	-	-	-
18	1388	β-Bourbonene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	0.03	0.21	-	-	-	-
19	1392	β-Elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.73	27.16^d	0.47	2.94^b	0.02	0.54^a	0.41	9.05^c
20	1403	α-Funebrene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.11	3.97	-	-	-	-	-	-
21	1416	(Z)-α-Bergamotene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.₁₅	4.63^a	0.38	8.47^b
22	1422	α-Santalene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.55^a	0.05	1.₁₅^b
23	1425	(E)-β-Caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.06	2.33^a	0.03	0.18^a	1.06	32.19^b	2.01	44.38^c
₂₄	1432	γ-Elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.2	7.56^c	0.12	0.74^a	-	-	0.07	1.53^b
25	1437	(E)-α-Bergamotene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	1.99	60.06^a	3.54	78.25^b
26	1439	α-Guaiene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.06	2.13^b	0.03	0.21^a	-	-	-	-
27	1440	(E)-α-Caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.08	2.56^a	0.23	4.99^b
28	1443	Sesquisabinene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.02	0.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
29	1445	Guaia-6,9-diene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.02	0.93^b	0.09	0.53^a	-	-	-	-
30	1452	(E)-β-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	4.37	162.47^d	0.02	0.₁₅^a	0.19	5.85^a	0.51	11.29^a
31	1461	α-Humulene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.2	7.53^c	0.08	0.52^a	0.17	5.12^b	0.45	9.83^d
32	1480	γ-Curcumene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.04	1.₂₄^a	0.09	2.04^b
33	1482	α-Curcumene	C₁₅H₂₂	202	-	-	-	-	0.01	0.38^a	0.04	0.79^b
34	1487	Germacrened	C₁₅H₂₄	204	1.22	45.35^b	0.82	5.₁₀^a	-	-	-	-
35	1488	(E)-β-Bergamotene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.13	3.98^a	0.5	11.01^b
36	1496	β-Selinene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.05	1.80^b	-	-	-	-	0.08	1.79^a
37	1498	Valencene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.₂₄	7.38
38	1502	(Z)-α-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.28	8.57^a	0.84	18.57^b
39	1502	Bicyclogermacrene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.31	11.35	-	-	-	-	-	-
40	1503	(E,E)-α-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.02	0.70^a	0.13	0.82^a	0.07	1.99^a	0.8	17.59^b
41	1505	δ-Guaiene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.06	2.37^b	0.04	0.22^a	-	-	-	-
42	1511	(Z)-β-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	2.91	88.14^a	4.84	₁₀7.02^b
43	1514	(Z)-γ-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.03	0.93^a	0.07	1.49^b
44	1518	γ-Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.01	0.44	-	-	-	-	-	-
45	1521	δ-Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.64	23.84^b	0.11	0.70^a	0	0.12^a	0.01	0.26^a
46	1526	7-Epi-α-selinene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.67^a	0.05	1.06^b
47	1527	β-Sesquiphellandrene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.38	14.12	-	-	-	-	-	-
48	1529	(E)-γ-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.01	0.40^a	0.05	1.06^b
49	1542	(E)-α-Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	204	-	-	-	-	0.07	2.03^a	0.2	4.46^b
50	1566	Germacrene B	C₁₅H₂₄	204	0.72	26.85^c	0.17	1.07^a	-	-	0.₂₄	5.30^b
		Aldehydes
51	799	Hexanal	C₆H₁₂O	₁₀0	0.09	3.43^c	0.02	0.12^a	0.01	0.26^a	0.08	1.67^b
52	831	Furfural	C₅H₄O₂	96	0	0.14^b	-	-	-	-	0	0.₁₀^a
53	852	(E)-2-Hexenal	C₆H₁₀O	98	0.03	1.29^b	-	-	0	0.05^a	0.02	0.50^a
54	899	Heptanal	C₇H₁₄O	114	0.01	0.38^b	0.19	1.₁₅^c	0	0.14^a	0.02	0.34^b
55	1004	Octanal	C₈H₁₆O	128	0.14	5.₂₄^c	-	-	0.03	0.91^a	0.07	1.53^b
56	105	Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	142	0.1	3.56^c	0.42	2.58^b	0.09	2.81^b	0.05	1.11^a
57	1153	Citronellal	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	-	-	0.3	9.07^a	0.09	1.93^b
58	1161	Isoneral	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	-	-	-	-	0.04	1.08^a	0.17	3.71^b
59	1180	Isogeranial	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	-	-	-	-	0.06	1.81^a	0.25	5.53^b
60	1194	(Z)-4-Decenal	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.04	1.36	-	-	-	-	-	-
61	1206	Decanal	C₁₀H₂₀O	₁₅6	0.25	9.11^c	0.05	0.32^a	0.12	3.59^b	0.44	9.68^c
62	1240	Neral	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	-	-	-	-	1.36	40.99^a	4.59	₁₀1.48^b
63	1261	(E)-2-Decenal	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.07	2.51^b	0.01	0.06^a	-	-	-	-
64	1267	Geranial	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.01	0.48^a	0.03	0.17^a	0.91	27.61^b	4.44	98.01^c
65	1278	Perillaldehyde	C₁₀H₁₄O	₁₅0	0.05	1.95^b	0.08	0.53^a	0.06	1.81^b	0.2	4.47^c
66	1290	α-Terpinen-7-al	C₁₀H₁₄O	₁₅0	0.03	1.16	-	-	-	-	-	-
67	1307	Undecanal	C₁₁H₂₂O	170	0.07	2.72^b	0.83	5.₁₅^c	0.1	2.91^b	0.09	1.98^a
68	1319	(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.06	2.07	-	-	-	-	-	-
69	1410	Dodecanal	C₁₂H₂₄O	184	0.12	4.56^a	-	-	-	-	0.28	6.29^b
70	1449	(E,Z)-2,6-Dodecadienal	C₁₂H₂₀O	180	0.02	0.63	-	-	-	-	-	-
71	1468	(E)-2-Dodecenal	C₁₂H₂₂O	182	0.02	0.62	-	-	-	-	-	-
72	1612	Tetradecanal	C₁₄H28O	212	0.02	0.90^b	-	-	0	0.04^a	0.13	2.86^c
73	1695	β-Sinensal	C₁₅H₂₂O	218	0.07	2.63	-	-	-	-	-	-
74	17₁₀	(E,Z)-Farnesal	C₁₅H₂₄O	220	-	-	-	-	0	0.06^a	0.04	0.86^b
75	17₁₅	Pentadecanal	C₁₅H30O	226	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.04	0.94
76	1738	(E,E)-Farnesal	C₁₅H₂₄O	220	-	-	-	-	0	0.13^a	0.06	1.25^b
77	1816	Hexadecanal	C16H₃₂O	₂₄0	0.01	0.37^a			0.01	0.18^a	0.4	8.77^a
78	1919	Heptadecanal	C₁₇H₃₄O	254	0.02	0.77^a	-	-	-	-	0.04	0.90^b
79	2021	Octadecanal	C₁₈H₃₆O	268	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.47
		Alcohols
80	698	2-Pentanol	C₅H₁₂O	88	0.01	0.46^c	0.01	0.04^a	0	0.09^b	0	0.09^b
81	786	2,3-Butanediol	C4H₁₀O₂	90	0.04	1.54^c	0.13	0.80^b	0.01	0.34^a	0.04	0.84^b
82	854	(Z)-3-Hexenol	C₆H₁₂O	₁₀0	0.01	0.₂₄^a	0.05	0.29^b	-	-	-	-
83	867	Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	₁₀2	0.04	1.34	-	-	-	-	-	-
84	1072	Octanol	C₈H₁₈O	130	0.14	5.02^b	-	-	0.02	0.73^a	-	-
85	1101	Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	7.46	277.17^c	0.67	4.16^a	1.11	33.65^b	1.96	43.34^b
86	1123	D-Fenchyl alcohol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.06	1.22
87	11₂₄	(E)-p-Mentha-2,8-dienol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2			0.5	3.09^b	0.02	0.75^a	0.04	0.80^a
88	1127	(Z)-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.06	2.27^b	-	-	0.02	0.72^a	0.09	2.06^b
89	1164	Teresantalol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	-	-	0.11	0.68	-	-	-	-
90	1176	Borneol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	0.02	0.11^a	-	-	0.17	3.72^b
91	1181	Limonen-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	-	-	0.03	0.17	-	-	-	-
92	1183	4-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.68	25.11^c	0.03	0.20^a	0.54	16.22^b	2.52	55.61^d
93	1189	p-Cymen-8-ol	C₁₀H₁₄O	₁₅0	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.52^a	0.06	1.25^b
94	1198	α-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.64	23.73^b	0.46	2.88^a	1.08	32.79^c	3.09	68.32^d
95	1202	(E)-Piperitol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	0.51	3.14^b	0.05	1.48^a	0.06	1.28^a
96	1221	(E)-Carveol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.04	1.51^a	0.42	2.63^b	0.05	1.39^a	-	-
97	1225	Nerol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.04	1.43^a	0.01	0.05^a	1.34	40.52^b	2.5	55.23^c
98	1234	(Z)-Carveol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.01	0.34^b	0.11	0.66^c	0.01	0.16^a	-	-
99	1249	Geraniol	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	0.03	0.16^a	1.28	38.73^b	-	-
100	1291	Thymol	C₁₀H₁₄O	₁₅0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.06	1.32
101	1292	Limonen-₁₀-ol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.04	1.64^b	0.16	1.00^a	-	-	-	-
102	1299	Carvacrol	C₁₀H₁₄O	₁₅0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.21	4.73
103	1300	Perilla alcohol	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.04	1.39^b	0.08	0.48^a	-	-	-	-
104	1310	4-Vinyl-guaiacol	C₉H₁₀O₂	₁₅0	0.04	1.55^a	-	-	-	-	-	-
105	1551	α-Elemol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.06	2.39^b	0.07	0.41^a	-	-	-	-
106	1560	(E)-Nerolidol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.22	8.₂₄^b	0.11	0.71^a	0	0.11^a	0.03	0.63^a
107	1582	Spathulenol	C₁₅H₂₄O	220	0.92	34.07^b	0.02	0.14^a	0.02	0.48^a	0.01	0.16^a
108	1595	Viridiflorol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.02	0.68^a	0.16	1.02^b	-	-	-	-
109	1633	γ-Eudesmol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.44	16.46^c	0.08	0.52^a	0	0.02^a	0.₂₄	5.39^b
110	1646	T-Muurolol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.06	2.08^b	0.13	0.81^a	-	-	-	-
111	1660	T-Cadinol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.18	6.61^b	0.16	0.97^a	-	-	0.04	0.97^a
112	1662	β-Eudesmol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.14	5.₂₄^c	0.1	0.63^a	0.06	1.94^b	0.34	7.53^d
113	1673	Epi-β-bisabolol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	-	-	-	-	0.04	1.29^a	0.17	3.69^b
114	1691	α-Bisabolol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	-	-	-	-	0.11	3.19^a	0.59	13.13^b
115	1714	(E,E)-Farnesol	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	-	-	0.03	0.22	-	-	-	-
116	1717	Nootkatol Esters	C₁₅H₂₄O	220	0.22	8.13^b	0.₂₄	1.47^a	-	-	0.1	2.12^a
117	1074	(Z)-Sabinene hydrate	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	0.₂₄	8.90^b	-	-	0.06	1.81^a	0.04	0.93^a
118	1103	(E)-Sabinene hydrate	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	-	-	0.08	2.41	-	-
119	1113	Heptyl acetate	C₉H₁₈O₂	₁₅8	-	-	0.02	0.13	-	-	-	-
120	1159	Camphene hydrate	C₁₀H₁₈O	₁₅4	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.36
121	1209	Octyl acetate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	172	0.36	13.27^c	0.47	2.89^b	0.02	0.54^a	-	-
122	1230	Thymol methyl ether	C₁₁H₁₆O	164	0.01	0.21	-	-	-	-	-	-
123	1249	Linalylacetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	0.7	25.87	-	-	-	-	-	-
124	1286	Bornyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	0.07	2.56^c	-	-	0.01	0.22^a	0.02	0.48^b
125	1333	(Z)-Carvylacetate	C₁₂H₁₈O₂	194	0.01	0.39	-	-	-	-	-	-
126	1348	α-Terpinylacetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	1.67	61.91^b	0.16	1.02^a	-	-	-	-
127	1348	Citronellylacetate	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	198	-	-	-	-	0.39	11.83^b	0.09	1.95^a
128	1357	Neryl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	0.14	5.32^a	0.21	1.28^a	3.29	99.53^c	3.81	84.14^b
129	1372	α-Terpinyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	-	-	-	-	0.07	2.05	-	-
130	1377	Geranyl	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	0.22	8.19^a	1.77	11.02^a	3.54	₁₀7.06^b	0.69	15.25^a
131	1407	Decyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	200	0.03	1.25^d	0.08	0.47^b	0.01	0.27^a	0.03	0.64^c
132	1410	Limonen-₁₀-yl acetate	C₁₂H₁₈O₂	194	-	-	1.01	6.26^b	0.05	1.57^a	-	-
133	1420	ρ-Menthen-9-ol acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	196	0.02	0.79^a	0.21	1.33^b	-	-	-	-
134	1435	Perillyl acetate	C₁₂H₁₈O₂	194	0.14	5.31^b	0.32	2.01^a	-	-	-	-
135	1446	Nerylacetate propionate	C₁₃H₂₂O₂	2₁₀	-	-	-	-	0.03	0.93	-	-
136	1467	Geranyl acetate propanoate	C₁₃H₂₂O₂	2₁₀	-	-	0.04	0.25^a	0.05	1.46^b	-	-
137	1546	(Z)-Sesquisabinene hydrate	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.53	-	-
138	1556	(E)-Sesquisabinene	C₁₅H₂₆O	222	0.02	0.82^b	-	-	0.01	0.16^a	-	-
139	1606	Dodecyl acetate	C₁₄H28O₂	228	-	-	-	-	0	0.04^a	0.05	1.07^b
140	1789	α-Eudesmol acetate	C₁₇H28O₂	264	0.14	5.28	-	-	-	-	-	-
141	1831	Farnesyl acetate	C₁₇H28O₂	264	-	-	0.02	0.12^b	0	0.03^a	-	-
142	1923	Methyl palmitate	C₁₇H₃₄O₂	270	0.01	0.41^c	-	-	0.01	0.04^a	0.01	0.₁₀^b
143	2094	Methyl linoleate	C₁₉H₃₄O₂	294	-	-	0.04	0.25^b	-	-	0.01	0.₁₅^a
144	2098	Methyl linolenate	C₁₉H₃₂O₂	292	-	-	0.05	0.29^b	0.01	0.16^a	0.01	0.28^b
145	2148	Ethyl linolenate	C₂₀H₃₆O₂	308	-	-	0.04	0.23^a	0.02	0.63^c	0.02	0.39^b
146	2160	Ethyl linolenate	C₂₀H₃₄O₂	306	-	-	0.01	0.04^a	0.07	2.18^c	0.03	0.73^b
147	2166	Ethyl oleate	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	3₁₀	-	-	0.01	0.04	-	-	-	-
		Ketones
148	1151	Camphor	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.03	1.28^a	0.21	1.30^a	0.05	1.40^a	0.07	1.45^a
149	1190	Cryptone	C₉H₁₄O	138	0.13	4.79^b	0.1	0.61^a	-	-	-	-
150	1246	Carvone	C₁₀H₁₄O	₁₅0	0.05	1.80^c	0.28	1.74^c	0.05	1.42^b	0.03	0.67^a
151	1253	Butyrophenone	C₁₀H₁₂O	148	-	-	0.01	0.05	-	-	-	-
152	1257	Piperitone	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.05	1.91	-	-	0.02	0.47	0.25	5.49
153	1729	Herniarin	C₁₀H₈O₃	176	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.5
154	1739	Oplopanone	C₁₅H₂₆O₂	238	0.05	1.70^b	0.06	0.35^a	-	-	-	-
155	1811	Nootkatone	C₁₅H₂₂O	218	-	-	-	-	0	0.08^a	0.01	0.28^b
156	1980	Citropten	C₁₁H₁₀O4	206	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.54
		Oxides
157	1077	(Z)-Linalooloxide	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	170	-	-	0.07	0.42	-	-	-	-
158	1079	(E)-Linalooloxide	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	170	-	-	0.03	0.21	-	-	-	-
159	1135	(Z)-Limoneneoxide	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.16	6.09^b4)	2.42	15.06^c	0.₂₄	7.14^b	0.18	3.96^a
160	1139	(E)-Limoneneoxide	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.16	5.88^b	1.78	11.05^c	0.16	4.95^b	0.₁₅	3.31^a
161	1145	4,8-Epoxy-p-menth-1-ene	C₁₀H₁₆O	₁₅2	0.14	5.20^b	-	-	0.07	2.25^a	0.₂₄	5.23^b
162	1320	p-Mentha-2,8-diene-1-hydroperoxide	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	168	-	-	0.53	3.31^b	0.07	2.12^a	-	-
163	1332	p-Mentha-1,8-dien-4-hydroperoxide	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	168	-	-	0.25	1.53	-	-	-	-
164	1587	Caryophyllene oxide	C₁₅H₂₄O	220	0.11	4.16^c	0.1	0.64^a	0.08	2.41^b	0.36	8.04^d
165	1617	Humulene epoxide II	C₁₅H₂₄O	220	0.04	1.52^c	0.03	0.20^a	0.01	0.₂₄^a	0.03	0.58^b
		Total			100	3,713.02	100	621.71	₁₀0	3,0₂₄.69	100	2,209.16

RI, Retention index.
MF, Molecular formula,
MW, Molecular weight.
^a-dMeans with the different letters are significantly different (p<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.