Table 4. Platycodin saponins and crude saponin content of Platycodon grandiflorums depending on steaming methods and repeated steaming process

Samples1)	Crude saponin content (mg/g)	Platycoside E (mg/100 g)	Platycodin D3 (mg/100 g)	Deapio platycodin D (mg/100 g)	Platycodin D (mg/100 g)
Control	24.27±1.17d2)	337.48	192.01	240.97	819.04
Steaming	32.61±0.26bc	272.84	156.45	161.27	611.55
AS1	30.73±0.99c	226.30	157.58	188.79	574.60
AS2	33.62±1.10b	200.24	150.23	206.42	510.71
AS3	37.62±1.59a	171.62	145.2	232.04	497.22

Control, not-steamed Platycodon grandiflorum; Steaming, steamed at 95°C and dried Platycodon grandiflorum; AS1, autoclave steamed and dried Platycodon grandiflorum by one time; AS2, autoclave steamed and dried Platycodon grandiflorum by two times; AS3, autoclave steamed and dried Platycodon grandiflorum by three times.
Values are mean±SD of triplicate determinations. Different superscripts within a column indicate significant differences (p<0.05).