Table 4. Texture properties of hot-air dried Actinidia arguta by various pretreatment of osmotic dehydration

Sample¹⁾	Texture properties
Sample¹⁾	Strength (gf/cm²)	Hardness (gf/cm²)	Springness (%)	Cohesiveness (%)	Gumminess (gf)	Brittleness (gf)	Adhesiveness (gf)
CONT	235.43±99.18²⁾^abc3)	882.96±372.08^abc	72.80±1.79^a	60.06±3.77^ab	623.17±237.01^ab	453.40±170.16^a	-1.20±1.10^d
SUC3O	203.42±52.42^ab	762.84±196.65^ab	78.40±2.19^a	65.04±3.55^bc	598.83±173.96^ab	469.36±138.96^a	-20.80±7.92^bc
SUC3X	274.12±90.39^abc	1,027.84±338.72^abc	74.40±4.56^a	59.36±3.58^a	728.08±232.43^ab	542.56±180.65^a	-19.00±7.58^bc
SUC5O	194.98±63.65^ab	731.18±238.64^ab	96.00±27.13^b	66.10±5.37^c	576.80±180.59^ab	544.60±179.95^a	-79.40±23.73^a
SUC5X	175.19±89.78^a	657.06±336.85^a	80.00±4.90^ab	63.84±2.53^abc	499.04±252.19^a	396.15±198.67^a	-11.40±11.72^cd
SOR3O	263.20±71.71^abc	987.14±269.05^abc	76.00±5.66^a	61.58±1.95^abc	729.66±204.79^ab	553.53±158.10^a	-23.00±5.34^bc
SOR3X	315.74±103.65^bc	1,183.84±388.56^bc	71.20±1.79^a	61.72±3.70^abc	865.80±246.87^b	615.37±173.13^a	-31.00±11.66^b
SOR5O	280.22±62.39^abc	1,051.00±234.01^abc	83.20±20.67^ab	62.18±4.13^abc	775.94±133.00^ab	657.41±258.74^a	-25.40±12.12^bc
SOR5X	331.18±93.56^c	1,242.06±350.98^c	72.80±5.22^a	60.08±2.71^ab	887.11±216.44^b	638.43±124.75^a	-27.60±5.77^bc

CONT, no treatment; SUC3O, sucrose 50 °Brix solution with ascorbic acid 2% in 30; SUC3X, sucrose 50 °Brix solution in 30; SUC5O, sucrose 50 °Brix solution with ascorbic acid 2% in 55; SUC5X, sucrose 50 °Brix solution in 55; SOR3O, sorbitol 50 °Brix solution with ascorbic acid 2% in 30; SOR3X, sorbitol 50 °Brix solution in 30; SOR5O, Sorbitol 50 °Brix solution with ascorbic acid 2% in 55; SOR5X, sorbitol 50 °Brix solution in 55.
Values are mean±SD (n=5).
Values followed by different uppercase letter (^a-d) within a column are significantly different at p<0.05 based on Duncan’s multiple rage test.