Table 4. Volumes, textures and sensory evaluations of the protein cubes supplemented with moringa leaf or green tea powder

  Control Moringa leaf Green tea
5% 7.5% 5% 7.5%
Volume and texture properties
   Volume (mL) 10.00±0.001)a2) 9.29±0.00b 8.57±0.00c 10.00±0.00a0 9.46±0.25b
   Chewiness (g) 130.29±9.77d 174.88±40.89c 407.94±13.03a 221.74±13.70b 163.53±4.00c
   Fracturability (g) 5,316.09±253.19d 7,174.58±1510.65c 12,899.97±934.75a 8,652.72±0.71b 6,431.51±82.28d
   Hardness (g/cm2) 12,146.11±461.32d 16,442.89±2,532.36c 45,989.12±1,016.87a 21,428.28±2,279.89b 15,608.02±670.96c
Sensory attribute intensity
   Greenish color 1.02±0.15d2) 3.90±0.76c 5.26±0.91b 5.12±0.99b 6.43±0.86a
   Grassy smell 1.17±0.44c 4.50±1.33b 5.00±1.29b 4.50±1.42b 5.57±1.21a
   Grassy taste 1.26±0.63d 4.76±1.41bc 5.02±1.26b 4.48±1.19c 5.67±1.26a
   Hardness 4.00±1.29c 4.70±0.93ab 4.58±1.07b 4.98±1.26ab 5.19±1.23a
Sensory acceptability
   Appearance 4.71±1.52ab2) 4.93±1.20a 5.33±1.20a 4.29±1.24b 4.83±1.62ab
   Color 4.26±1.74b 5.05±1.23a 5.38±1.23a 3.79±1.28b 4.31±1.55b
   Aroma 4.50±1.38a 4.12±1.29a 3.98±1.37a 4.57±1.35a 4.60±1.52a
   Taste 4.24±1.53a 4.17±1.62a 3.95±1.51a 4.40±1.48a 4.14±1.66a
   Texture 4.52±1.29a 4.21±1.20a 4.19±1.25a 4.62±1.27a 4.17±1.38a
   Overall acceptability 4.62±1.41a 4.71±1.35a 4.12±1.25a 4.64±1.34a 4.43±1.35a
Each values are expressed as mean±SD (n=42) using 7-point hedonic scale (1=extremely weak or dislike, 4=normal, 7=extremely strong or like).
Values with different superscripts within the same row are significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test at p<0.05.