Table 4. Level of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and zearalenone in Korean ginger stored at different storage conditions

Sample Mycotoxin1) Storage periods (mon) Temperature/relative humidity
5°C/73% 13°C/96% 14°C/68%
A DON 0 <LOD2) <LOD <LOD
2 19.22±5.0c3) 94.83±6.51b 186.90±30.91a
4 67.89±8.93a 19.69±2.87b <LOD
6 32.78±2.70a ND4) 65.46±18.81a
Mean5) 33.46±22.43a 32.12±38.67a 65.46±75.96a
NIV 0 125.42±4.44 125.42±4.44 125.42±4.44
2 545.22±36.07a 39.70±0.43c 315.20±16.69b
4 701.58±79.60a 234.56±23.53b 132.21±9.51c
6 471.89±50.66a 25.88±6.03b 514.82±153.31a
Mean 461.03±224.33a 106.39±87.58c 271.91±179.23b
ZEA 0 9.74±2.74 9.74±2.74 9.74±2.74
2 ND ND 178.79±39.31a
4 ND 49.02±1.48a ND
6 ND 5.82±2.57a ND
Mean5) <LOD 16.15±20.23ab 47.13±81.26a
B DON 0 <LOD <LOD <LOD
2 255.41±21.15b 21.83±0.22c 798.92±21.82a
4 140.97±26.98b ND 955.23±38.38a
6 <LOD ND 656.20±125.75a
Mean 104.05±108.15b <LOD 616.55±387.62a
NIV 0 <LOD <LOD <LOD
2 229.71±24.49a <LOD 113.84±5.74b
4 81.39±4.90b ND 137.37±27.17a
6 27.73±1.17a ND 17.62±6.52b
Mean 88.54±89.62a <LOD 71.05±58.92a
ZEA 0 ND ND ND
2 ND ND 39.07±34.40a
4 ND ND 342.74±37.90a
6 ND N.D 139.64±15.63a
Mean ND ND 130.36±140.55a
DON, deoxynivalenol; NIV, nivalenol; ZEA, zearalenone.
LOD, limit of detection (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol: 17 μg/kg; zearalenone: 3 μg/kg).
Values are mean±SD μg/kg, Means with the different letter within rows were significantly different (p<0.05).
ND, not detected.
Average of all periods.