Table 6. The contents of retinol and β-carotene in marine resources and products

Classification Sample name Vitamin A
Retinol (μg/100 g) β-Carotene (μg/100 g) RAE1) (μg/100 g)
Fish Blackthroat seaperch 311.77±7.99 ND 311.77
Korean pomfret 5.54±0.47 ND 5.54
Pacific herring ND ND -
Crustacean Razor mud shrimp ND ND -
Gazami crab ND 135.40±7.16 11.28
Marine algae Fusiformis ND 440.99±18.85 36.75
Seersucker ND 345.20±14.82 28.77
Cephalopod Common squid 9.77±0.78 ND 9.77
Schoolmaster gonate squid ND ND -
Common octopus 5.67±0.64 ND 5.67
Shellfish Ark shell 23.70±1.84 27.17±2.85 25.96
Blue mussel 34.81±0.99 29.30±2.01 37.25
Spiny top shell ND 335.05±22.16 27.92
Processed products Anchovy sauce ND ND -
Dried codfish ND ND -
Half-dried Herring 2.79±0.15 ND 2.79
Salted mackerel ND ND -
Seasoned oyster 23.87±0.64 613.10±5.18 74.96
Seasoned pollack roe 32.42±0.58 13.36±1.72 33.53
Sliced smoked salmon 2.89±0.25 ND 2.89
Vitamin A activity is expressed as μg RAE (retinol activity equivalent)/100 g. 1 μg RAE = μg retinol + 1 / 12 μg β-carotene.