Table 5. Volatile components of yakju prepared by different commercial yeasts before and after aging (mg/L)

		OT¹⁾	SC	LA	CM	FE
1-Hexanol	Before	190.34±8.76^2)a3)	26.60±3.40^c	23.33±0.74^c	145.63±17.10^b	42.10±3.47^c
	After	201.56±27.73^a	26.52±2.63^bc	7.53±0.23^c	7.18±0.27^c	48.55±1.22^b
	t-value	−0.44	0.02	23.06^*4)	11.64	−4.06
1-Octanol	Before	1,175.88±83.68^a	744.42±74.05^bc	667.50±127.77^c	1,227.47±0.93^a	894.25±26.42^b
	After	1,445.95±105.20^ab	948.00±289.16^c	1,809.51±278.53^a	1,522.52±48.29^a	997.84±40.09^bc
	t-value	−17.75^*2)	−1.34	−10.71	−8.48	−10.72
1-Octen-3-ol	Before	0.00±0.00^d	2.02±0.00^c	2.63±0.12^b	3.14±0.06^a	0.00±0.00^d
	After	0.00±0.00^b	2.96±0.45^a	2.55±0.61^a	2.58±0.67^a	0.00±0.00^b
	t-value	−	−2.94	0.22	1.06	−
2-Butanol	Before	0.00±0.00^b	412.76±144.68^a	529.73±39.20^a	492.74±3.87^a	509.90±40.23^a
	After	0.00±0.00^b	344.81±40.05^a	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	46.58±65.87^b
	t-value	−	0.52	19.11^*	179.83^**	25.55^*
2-Octanol	Before	0.00±0.00^d	3.83±0.33^c	5.28±0.06^b	9.22±0.32^a	5.12±0.06^b
	After	3.22±1.51^d	36.26±1.18^c	194.85±4.83^a	168.30±18.38^b	53.60±3.91^c
	t-value	−3.03	−30.31^*	−56.17^*	−12.45	−17.86^*
2-Phenyl alcohol	Before	253.62±20.81	287.66±27.36	268.83±11.79	238.91±19.25	261.55±0.26
	After	287.17±25.51	346.12±18.56	350.49±18.77	288.82±44.98	308.25±30.09
	t-value	−1.02	−9.39	−16.56^*	−2.74	−2.18
Acetic acid	Before	520.97±14.12^b	209.23±1.80^d	215.66±16.37^d	662.49±4.27^a	428.83±4.17^c
	After	554.70±21.60^b	239.92±52.78^c	843.12±89.78^a	757.57±1.24^a	459.46±3.52^b
	t-value	−6.38	−0.85	−12.09	−24.44^*	−5.63
Carproic acid	Before	11.85±1.65^c	13.16±1.07^bc	14.18±0.58^bc	20.62±0.98^a	14.94±0.82^b
	After	8.60±3.17	13.76±0.46	13.38±1.76	9.84±3.74	8.04±5.49
	t-value	3.02	−0.56	0.95	5.53	1.55
DMDS	Before	38.85±6.84^a	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b
	After	5.85±0.64^a	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b	0.00±0.00^b
	t-value	7.52	−	−	−	−
Ethyl acetate	Before	14.48±5.87	9.95±4.45	11.09±1.00	7.32±2.64	9.29±1.96
	After	9.98±6.55	13.93±1.76	7.03±0.69	9.29±3.83	6.25±0.06
	t-value	9.38	−0.90	3.39	−2.34	2.26
Ethyl carprate	Before	13.32±5.20	6.08±1.50	5.60±1.16	10.00±0.05	8.74±0.90
	After	21.71±0.54^a	10.81±1.70^d	17.40±2.53^b	15.58±0.25^bc	12.15±0.41^cd
	t-value	−2.06	−2.09	−12.30	−27.90^*	−9.90
Ethyl lactate	Before	56.89±8.51^b	34.73±5.32^cd	42.78±8.99^bc	110.23±3.99^a	22.16±7.08^d
	After	33.00±0.85^b	26.76±4.68^b	72.75±2.87^a	66.39±1.06^a	7.20±0.12^c
	t-value	4.41	17.53^*	−3.58	21.18^*	2.94
Ethyl laurate	Before	17.27±1.85^a	8.52±0.14^b	1.77±0.14^c	4.25±3.56^bc	8.38±0.84^b
	After	14.20±3.00	8.86±0.61	9.43±0.17	13.24±2.75	9.81±0.37
	t-value	0.90	−1.00	−383.00^**	−15.75^*	−1.67
Ethyl myristate	Before	98.51±4.47^a	54.86±0.24^c	49.64±3.47^c	52.08±1.37^c	68.56±6.03^b
	After	77.35±1.28^a	59.03±9.29^b	49.10±0.95^bc	44.22±0.77^c	53.24±2.16^bc
	t-value	9.36	−0.62	0.30	18.08^*	5.60
Ethyl palmitate	Before	66.89±4.06^a	21.71±2.77^c	22.37±5.05^c	41.84±3.51^b	28.54±3.97^c
	After	51.82±1.78^a	23.50±2.95^c	31.70±1.14^b	34.61±2.05^b	22.73±0.15^c
	t-value	3.65	−0.44	−2.13	1.84	2.15
Ethyl phenyl acetate	Before	60.77±2.55^a	27.14±2.14^c	22.65±5.20^c	50.53±1.15^b	43.53±3.71^b
	After	72.87±8.63^a	34.71±11.40^c	66.61±10.17^ab	60.67±0.82^ab	47.09±0.92^bc
	t-value	−2.82	−1.16	−12.51	−44.09^*	−1.81
Furfural	Before	15.37±1.78^a	2.73±0.06^bc	2.49±0.23^c	4.77±0.06^b	0.00±0.00^d
	After	18.75±1.37^a	3.31±0.12^d	8.78±0.63^b	7.74±0.31^bc	4.66±2.43^cd
	t-value	−1.52	−16.71^*	−22.46^*	−74.25^**	−2.71
Iso-amyl alcohol	Before	91.00±17.86^b	119.74±26.17^b	189.14±12.33^a	42.99±3.57^c	35.23±0.54^c
	After	217.40±57.82	401.96±119.24	323.11±32.31	379.60±84.89	247.06±20.09
	t-value	−4.47	−4.29	−9.48	−5.38	−15.32^*
Iso-butanol	Before	60.58±11.69	87.53±17.88	106.36±44.84	36.03±2.48	31.93±0.47
	After	156.66±45.91	345.55±114.72	295.11±23.78	350.90±87.37	201.08±9.50
	t-value	−3.97	−3.77	−3.89	−4.96	−26.49^*
Iso butyric acid	Before	801.84±69.85^a	566.37±53.82^b	504.18±95.87^b	846.63±0.83^a	646.47±22.70^b
	After	948.18±68.05^abc	709.82±218.62^bc	1,209.41±178.93^a	1,048.75±3.70^ab	698.94±19.65^c
	t-value	−115.23^**	−1.23	−12.01	−63.06^*	−24.29^*
Iso caproic acid	Before	38.55±5.01	56.32±5.88	51.55±9.29	47.34±1.33	39.15±1.15
	After	39.55±3.71	64.98±17.25	58.45±9.09	51.59±2.97	41.82±2.50
	t-value	−1.09	−1.08	−49.29^*	−1.40	−2.80
Iso valeric acid	Before	29.77±1.60^a	15.25±0.80^c	13.71±0.72^c	24.94±2.32^b	14.38±2.54^c
	After	40.40±1.28^a	17.11±0.08^c	31.00±5.28^b	26.65±1.55^b	14.15±0.86^c
	t-value	−47.22^*	−3.00	−5.36	−3.15	0.20
n-Butanol	Before	7.91±1.71^ab	9.56±2.06^a	12.77±5.08^a	2.33±0.25^b	1.70±0.03^b
	After	9.70±2.22^b	23.74±6.43^a	10.03±0.71^b	11.64±2.38^b	3.68±0.10^b
	t-value	−4.97	−4.59	0.67	−5.01	−22.00^*
n-Butyric acid	Before	210.55±9.84^a	98.38±1.23^c	92.16±7.53^cd	125.71±1.60^b	78.34±4.62^d
	After	142.97±0.02^a	102.46±15.11^c	127.17±9.56^ab	117.91±0.52^bc	72.42±0.19^d
	t-value	9.70	−0.35	−24.31^*	10.19	1.90
n-Propanol	Before	137.26±26.47	90.40±22.37	105.44±41.77	68.07±36.02	29.16±1.09
	After	296.15±68.27	204.87±59.24	247.96±18.76	277.65±47.08	131.09±2.56
	t-value	−5.38	−4.39	−3.33	−3.57	−98.48^**
Valeric acid	Before	472.43±3.26^a	184.30±26.11^d	164.47±14.19^d	360.16±12.83^b	299.99±10.83^c
	After	536.59±63.91^a	250.68±60.18^b	489.46±77.45^a	470.50±8.39^a	330.44±2.75^b
	t-value	−2.96	−2.76	−7.27	−7.35	−3.17

OT, SC, LA, CM, and FE means yakju prepared by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast ottogi, songcheon, la parisinne, chungmoo, and fermivin, repectively.
All values are mean±standard deviation (n=3).
^a-dmeans in a row by different superscripts are significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test at p<0.05.
Asterisks indicate significant differences between before and after aging of yakju made from commercial yeasts (^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001, respectively).