Table 2. Microbial populations of rice with combination treatment during washing (unit: log CFU/g)

Treatment		Non-inoculated rice		Bacteria-inoculated rice
Treatment		Total aerobic bacteria	Coliforms	B. cereus	E. coli
Non-treatment		3.77±0.32^1)a	3.31±0.16^a	3.02±0.33^a	4.29±0.23^a
Water + disinfectant	Wash water (3 times)+ ClO₂ (20 ppm, 5 min)	2.56±0.24^b	2.41±0.13^b	1.80±0.23^b	3.22±0.29^b
Water + disinfectant	Wash water (3 times)+ NaOCl (100 ppm, 5 min)	2.58±0.26^b	2.33±0.23^bc	1.79±0.06^b	3.05±0.29^b
Disinfectant + ultrasound	ClO₂ (20 ppm, 5 min)+ ultrasound (40 kHz, 10 min)	2.32±0.38^b	2.01±0.15^cd	1.63±0.20^b	3.10±0.27^b
Disinfectant + ultrasound	NaOCl (100 ppm, 5 min)+ ultrasound (40 kHz, 10 min)	2.19±0.39^b	1.97±0.10^d	1.51±0.26^b	3.01±0.18^b

Values are mean±standard deviation (n=3).
Indicates significant difference within same column (p<0.05).