Table S2. Labeled pungency level, moisture content, ASTA color value, capsaicinoid content and free sugar content of red pepper powders
| No. | Labeledpungency level1) | Moisture(%, w/w) | ASTAcolor value | Capsaicinoid (mg/kg sample) | Free sugar (%, w/w) |
| Capsaicin | Dihydrocapsaicin | Total capsaicinoid | Fructose | Glucose | Sucrose | Total free sugar |
| 1 | - | 10.9±0.22) | 73.7±0.1 | 55.5±0.4 | 28.2±0.2 | 83.7±0.5 | 6.5±0.7 | 3.6±0.4 | 0.4±0.1 | 10.6±1.2 |
| 2 | - | 11.0±0.2 | 75.2±1.6 | 63.5±0.4 | 31.4±0.2 | 94.9±0.7 | 9.3±0.0 | 5.3±0.0 | 0.7±0.0 | 15.3±0.0 |
| 3 | - | 7.7±0.2 | 96.8±0.4 | 83.2±0.3 | 41.1±0.1 | 124.3±0.4 | 7.4±0.2 | 4.8±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 12.7±0.3 |
| 4 | - | 11.8±0.1 | 59.4±1.4 | 127.4±0.4 | 77.4±3.4 | 204.9±3.7 | 5.4±0.2 | 3.4±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 9.1±0.3 |
| 5 | - | 10.7±0.0 | 60.4±0.8 | 145.3±3.6 | 82.7±0.7 | 228.0±2.9 | 5.4±0.1 | 3.1±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.9±0.2 |
| 6 | 1 | 10.1±0.0 | 101.8±0.8 | 35.9±0.2 | 24.8±0.1 | 60.7±0.2 | 6.1±0.3 | 3.8±0.2 | 0.2±0.0 | 10.1±0.5 |
| 7 | 1 | 8.3±0.1 | 103.6±0.7 | 40.5±0.2 | 27.2±0.1 | 67.7±0.3 | 6.6±0.1 | 4.1±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 11.2±0.2 |
| 8 | 1 | 9.0±0.1 | 110.4±1.2 | 40.0±0.9 | 27.9±0.6 | 67.9±1.4 | 8.3±0.2 | 5.3±0.0 | 0.7±0.0 | 14.2±0.2 |
| 9 | 1 | 9.3±0.0 | 109.2±0.1 | 41.1±1.1 | 28.9±0.5 | 69.9±1.6 | 7.0±0.1 | 4.5±0.1 | 0.6±0.0 | 12.0±0.2 |
| 10 | 1 | 9.2±0.0 | 102.5±1.4 | 45.8±2.0 | 30.7±1.2 | 76.4±3.3 | 6.7±0.2 | 4.7±0.2 | 0.6±0.0 | 12.0±0.4 |
| 11 | 1 | 7.7±0.1 | 93.5±2.6 | 49.7±0.6 | 33.5±0.2 | 83.2±0.8 | 5.8±0.1 | 3.7±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 9.9±0.1 |
| 12 | 1 | 9.0±0.1 | 100.3±0.6 | 50.8±0.0 | 35.1±0.0 | 86.0±0.0 | 7.1±0.3 | 5.8±0.2 | 0.7±0.0 | 13.6±0.5 |
| 13 | 1 | 8.3±0.0 | 112.0±0.1 | 56.6±1.2 | 42.2±1.1 | 98.8±0.2 | 7.3±0.1 | 4.7±0.1 | 0.7±0.0 | 12.7±0.2 |
| 14 | 1 | 13.9±0.3 | 78.7±0.7 | 70.4±1.6 | 41.8±2.9 | 112.2±4.5 | 5.1±0.3 | 3.0±0.2 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.4±0.4 |
| 15 | 1 | 14.7±0.1 | 71.7±0.5 | 71.7±0.4 | 42.1±0.4 | 113.9±0.8 | 5.6±0.6 | 3.0±0.3 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.9±1.0 |
| 16 | 1 | 13.4±0.4 | 72.0±2.3 | 70.7±4.8 | 44.1±3.2 | 114.8±8.0 | 5.3±0.1 | 3.1±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.6±0.1 |
| 17 | 1 | 12.4±0.7 | 72.0±0.5 | 76.0±1.0 | 46.0±0.4 | 122.0±1.4 | 5.7±0.4 | 3.2±0.2 | 0.8±0.0 | 9.7±0.7 |
| 18 | 1 | 12.7±0.7 | 86.6±0.4 | 78.2±0.1 | 44.4±2.3 | 122.6±2.2 | 6.1±0.0 | 3.5±0.0 | 0.7±0.0 | 10.3±0.1 |
| 19 | 1 | 11.1±0.2 | 93.7±0.9 | 79.1±1.3 | 45.5±0.3 | 124.6±1.6 | 8.5±0.1 | 5.2±0.0 | 0.2±0.0 | 13.9±0.1 |
| 20 | 1 | 13.1±0.5 | 92.3±0.7 | 79.4±0.4 | 45.6±0.6 | 125.1±1.0 | 8.6±0.1 | 5.3±0.1 | 0.2±0.0 | 14.2±0.2 |
| 21 | 1 | 9.6±0.8 | 95.8±0.1 | 79.3±0.4 | 46.0±0.2 | 125.3±0.6 | 10.5±0.0 | 6.5±0.1 | 0.2±0.0 | 17.2±0.1 |
| 22 | 1 | 12.0±0.0 | 67.4±0.1 | 79.9±0.6 | 48.0±2.0 | 127.9±1.5 | 5.2±0.0 | 3.0±0.0 | 0.8±0.0 | 9.0±0.1 |
| 23 | 1 | 11.3±0.4 | 69.3±0.9 | 81.3±0.6 | 48.6±0.2 | 129.9±0.3 | 5.1±0.2 | 2.7±0.1 | 0.7±0.0 | 8.5±0.4 |
| 24 | 1 | 7.0±0.2 | 63.2±0.3 | 82.2±0.5 | 56.4±0.1 | 138.6±0.4 | 7.4±0.3 | 3.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 | 12.2±0.5 |
| 25 | 1 | 13.4±0.1 | 62.7±1.8 | 89.4±5.7 | 52.3±4.0 | 141.7±9.6 | 6.2±0.0 | 3.8±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 10.4±0.1 |
| 26 | 1 | 13.3±0.1 | 57.9±0.6 | 92.8±2.1 | 55.2±1.3 | 148.0±3.4 | 6.1±0.0 | 3.7±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 10.3±0.0 |
| 27 | 1 | 6.6±0.0 | 66.9±1.0 | 94.5±0.1 | 64.4±0.0 | 158.9±0.1 | 8.2±0.7 | 4.6±0.4 | 0.5±0.1 | 13.3±1.2 |
| 28 | 1 | 7.7±0.4 | 62.6±1.3 | 105.8±3.5 | 73.8±2.0 | 179.7±5.4 | 6.7±0.1 | 3.7±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 10.8±0.2 |
| 29 | 2 | 12.6±0.3 | 77.1±2.2 | 88.3±2.1 | 51.4±1.4 | 139.7±3.5 | 5.1±0.2 | 2.9±0.1 | 0.7±0.0 | 8.7±0.4 |
| 30 | 2 | 12.2±0.1 | 74.3±0.8 | 95.4±1.6 | 54.0±0.9 | 149.3±2.5 | 6.6±0.5 | 3.8±0.3 | 0.4±0.0 | 10.7±0.8 |
| 31 | 2 | 11.6±0.1 | 69.3±0.6 | 101.9±4.1 | 53.7±1.9 | 155.6±5.9 | 5.1±0.1 | 2.9±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.3±0.2 |
| 32 | 2 | 12.4±0.1 | 71.0±1.0 | 109.3±2.0 | 61.6±1.3 | 170.9±3.3 | 4.5±0.3 | 2.6±0.2 | 0.7±0.0 | 7.8±0.5 |
| 33 | 2 | 12.0±0.1 | 81.4±2.1 | 134.8±0.3 | 71.9±0.1 | 206.7±0.4 | 4.9±0.7 | 2.9±0.1 | 0.2±0.0 | 8.1±0.8 |
| 34 | 2 | 11.5±0.3 | 69.7±1.1 | 153.7±0.4 | 83.0±0.2 | 236.7±0.6 | 4.9±0.2 | 2.7±0.1 | 0.2±0.0 | 7.7±0.2 |
| 35 | 2 | 7.5±0.2 | 67.5±0.5 | 167.4±6.0 | 103.4±3.1 | 270.8±9.1 | 7.2±0.6 | 4.0±0.3 | 0.5±0.0 | 11.7±0.9 |
| 36 | 2 | 6.6±0.1 | 62.9±0.9 | 206.8±1.8 | 132.5±1.2 | 339.3±3.0 | 5.6±0.3 | 3.4±0.2 | 0.2±0.0 | 9.2±0.4 |
| 37 | 3 | 6.8±0.1 | 66.4±0.1 | 42.8±1.2 | 22.4±0.8 | 65.1±2.1 | 8.8±0.1 | 4.9±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 14.2±0.1 |
| 38 | 3 | 11.4±0.1 | 69.5±2.1 | 71.6±0.6 | 39.3±0.3 | 110.9±0.9 | 4.7±0.2 | 2.7±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 7.7±0.4 |
| 39 | 3 | 9.4±0.4 | 66.9±0.9 | 77.4±0.4 | 43.6±0.1 | 120.9±0.5 | 9.2±0.0 | 6.4±0.0 | 0.5±0.0 | 16.1±0.1 |
| 40 | 3 | 11.8±0.4 | 61.6±1.9 | 78.8±0.8 | 43.4±0.5 | 122.2±1.3 | 7.7±0.0 | 5.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 13.3±0.0 |
| 41 | 3 | 12.8±0.0 | 77.1±0.2 | 77.6±2.2 | 45.4±1.6 | 123.1±3.8 | 6.1±0.1 | 3.4±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 9.9±0.2 |
| 42 | 3 | 12.6±0.4 | 71.3±0.1 | 80.4±1.7 | 48.4±1.1 | 128.8±2.8 | 4.7±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 7.9±0.2 |
| 43 | 3 | 12.2±0.1 | 87.7±1.6 | 83.0±2.9 | 48.5±1.5 | 131.5±4.3 | 5.1±0.5 | 3.1±0.3 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.4±0.9 |
| 44 | 3 | 13.1±0.6 | 72.8±2.0 | 83.4±0.1 | 48.9±0.1 | 132.4±0.2 | 5.5±0.0 | 3.2±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 9.1±0.0 |
| 45 | 3 | 12.5±0.2 | 59.3±2.0 | 86.1±0.6 | 50.8±0.6 | 136.9±1.2 | 5.8±0.1 | 3.5±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 9.6±0.1 |
| 46 | 3 | 12.6±0.1 | 64.0±0.8 | 89.0±6.3 | 52.2±4.0 | 141.1±10.3 | 6.3±0.0 | 3.9±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 10.6±0.1 |
| 47 | 3 | 6.9±0.4 | 62.5±1.0 | 97.0±4.3 | 68.1±2.8 | 165.1±7.1 | 7.2±0.5 | 4.0±0.3 | 0.5±0.0 | 11.7±0.8 |
| 48 | 3 | 11.9±0.0 | 85.5±1.0 | 107.8±1.3 | 59.1±1.0 | 167.0±2.3 | 5.7±0.1 | 3.1±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 9.1±0.1 |
| 49 | 3 | 10.2±0.0 | 88.6±0.8 | 110.7±0.4 | 67.8±0.1 | 178.5±0.3 | 8.1±0.1 | 4.7±0.2 | 0.6±0.0 | 13.4±0.3 |
| 50 | 3 | 6.2±0.1 | 64.6±0.0 | 109.5±4.6 | 73.3±2.9 | 182.8±7.5 | 6.5±0.0 | 3.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 10.1±0.1 |
| 51 | 3 | 13.7±1.6 | 93.9±0.5 | 126.3±1.3 | 68.6±0.6 | 194.8±2.0 | 8.8±0.2 | 5.2±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 14.4±0.3 |
| 52 | 3 | 6.7±0.2 | 93.7±0.1 | 131.9±0.1 | 63.4±0.2 | 195.3±0.4 | 8.8±0.1 | 5.1±0.0 | 0.5±0.0 | 14.4±0.0 |
| 53 | 3 | 5.0±0.1 | 47.9±0.4 | 128.0±0.1 | 71.7±0.0 | 199.7±0.1 | 8.3±0.1 | 5.7±0.1 | 0.6±0.0 | 14.5±0.1 |
| 54 | 3 | 9.1±0.0 | 90.1±3.5 | 135.1±2.3 | 72.3±2.0 | 207.4±4.3 | 7.7±0.0 | 4.6±0.0 | 1.0±0.0 | 13.3±0.0 |
| 55 | 3 | 11.6±0.2 | 63.1±0.2 | 136.1±1.5 | 72.4±1.3 | 208.5±2.8 | 4.7±0.1 | 2.4±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 7.5±0.1 |
| 56 | 3 | 11.5±0.0 | 71.8±1.0 | 135.9±0.2 | 77.3±0.0 | 213.3±0.2 | 4.6±0.3 | 2.6±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 7.5±0.4 |
| 57 | 3 | 8.5±0.1 | 88.7±1.0 | 150.2±1.3 | 72.9±0.7 | 223.1±2.0 | 8.7±0.1 | 5.2±0.1 | 1.0±0.0 | 14.9±0.2 |
| 58 | 3 | 8.6±0.0 | 60.0±0.2 | 144.1±0.8 | 86.9±0.6 | 231.0±1.4 | 7.1±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 11.9±0.0 |
| 59 | 3 | 12.2±0.1 | 94.5±0.0 | 153.6±0.8 | 81.0±0.6 | 234.6±1.4 | 8.1±0.0 | 4.7±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 13.2±0.0 |
| 60 | 3 | 9.4±0.0 | 66.1±1.4 | 147.0±1.1 | 88.0±0.6 | 235.0±1.8 | 5.8±0.1 | 3.9±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 10.0±0.2 |
| 61 | 3 | 7.1±0.1 | 76.5±1.4 | 125.5±1.2 | 111.8±1.0 | 237.3±2.1 | 9.4±0.0 | 5.9±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 15.7±0.2 |
| 62 | 3 | 10.3±0.0 | 46.9±0.2 | 153.7±4.4 | 93.7±6.7 | 247.4±11.1 | 6.2±0.1 | 3.3±0.0 | 0.5±0.0 | 10.0±0.1 |
| 63 | 3 | 8.0±0.2 | 111.6±2.3 | 179.8±1.5 | 89.0±0.6 | 268.7±2.0 | 7.1±0.1 | 5.3±0.1 | 0.8±0.0 | 13.2±0.0 |
| 64 | 3 | 9.4±0.0 | 99.1±2.1 | 192.8±0.2 | 97.9±0.5 | 290.6±0.7 | 5.3±0.1 | 3.3±0.0 | 0.6±0.0 | 9.3±0.1 |
| 65 | 3 | 10.5±0.0 | 88.8±4.3 | 192.5±1.1 | 118.1±0.9 | 310.6±2.1 | 7.4±0.1 | 4.2±0.1 | 1.0±0.0 | 12.6±0.1 |
| 66 | 3 | 9.0±0.1 | 109.0±0.7 | 209.5±0.2 | 101.4±0.1 | 310.9±0.3 | 6.4±0.2 | 4.3±0.0 | 0.6±0.0 | 11.4±0.2 |
| 67 | 3 | 9.0±0.1 | 101.7±0.3 | 213.8±1.8 | 101.6±1.0 | 315.4±2.8 | 6.0±0.0 | 3.7±0.0 | 0.6±0.0 | 10.3±0.0 |
| 68 | 3 | 5.7±0.0 | 84.1±0.1 | 216.3±2.0 | 129.2±1.3 | 345.4±3.3 | 9.4±1.4 | 6.5±0.9 | 0.5±0.1 | 16.5±2.4 |
| 69 | 3 | 9.3±0.0 | 106.8±0.5 | 240.9±9.4 | 123.7±4.4 | 364.6±13.8 | 6.5±0.1 | 4.6±0.1 | 1.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.1 |
| 70 | 3 | 10.0±0.0 | 86.7±1.4 | 245.2±9.6 | 146.2±6.2 | 391.4±15.8 | 7.9±0.3 | 5.8±0.2 | 0.4±0.0 | 14.1±0.6 |
| 71 | 3 | 7.9±0.1 | 102.0±0.0 | 268.7±1.8 | 123.2±0.9 | 391.9±2.8 | 6.0±0.2 | 3.9±0.1 | 0.7±0.0 | 10.6±0.3 |
| 72 | 3 | 11.1±0.4 | 68.5±0.9 | 328.4±0.1 | 188.1±0.1 | 516.5±0.2 | 8.5±0.0 | 5.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 14.2±0.1 |
| 73 | 3 | 9.7±0.0 | 101.1±2.3 | 363.9±13.7 | 182.1±2.3 | 546.0±15.9 | 5.1±0.1 | 3.9±0.1 | 1.3±0.0 | 10.3±0.2 |
| 74 | 4 | 11.8±0.0 | 58.2±0.4 | 92.0±2.7 | 53.7±1.7 | 145.6±4.3 | 6.0±0.4 | 3.6±0.3 | 0.4±0.1 | 9.9±0.8 |
| 75 | 4 | 11.6±0.1 | 57.7±0.4 | 97.2±8.1 | 55.2±5.0 | 152.3±13.1 | 6.9±0.2 | 4.2±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 11.5±0.3 |
| 76 | 4 | 10.8±0.4 | 72.0±0.8 | 322.6±3.1 | 158.6±1.4 | 481.2±4.6 | 8.2±0.1 | 5.1±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 13.6±0.2 |
| 77 | 4 | 10.7±0.0 | 121.6±0.2 | 395.0±2.0 | 223.2±1.3 | 618.2±3.3 | 6.2±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 0.6±0.0 | 11.2±0.0 |
| 78 | 4 | 5.7±0.1 | 69.6±1.0 | 439.8±4.4 | 227.6±1.6 | 667.5±5.9 | 10.0±0.0 | 5.6±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 16.0±0.0 |
| 79 | 4 | 9.6±0.1 | 110.7±1.8 | 902.9±40.7 | 290.9±13.1 | 1,193.8±53.9 | 3.7±0.2 | 2.1±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 6.2±0.4 |
| 80 | 5 | 5.6±0.0 | 69.2±1.7 | 332.5±5.7 | 157.2±2.5 | 489.7±8.2 | 9.1±1.3 | 5.3±0.7 | 0.7±0.2 | 15.1±2.1 |
| 81 | 5 | 9.4±0.0 | 61.4±0.3 | 564.0±13.1 | 269.7±4.7 | 833.7±17.8 | 5.2±0.2 | 2.6±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.2±0.3 |
| 82 | 5 | 8.7±0.1 | 111.4±1.0 | 705.1±0.6 | 274.0±1.2 | 979.1±0.7 | 4.1±0.2 | 2.2±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 6.7±0.3 |
| 83 | 5 | 9.1±0.4 | 84.4±0.3 | 732.6±12.4 | 256.0±4.6 | 988.6±17.0 | 5.3±0.1 | 3.2±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 8.7±0.2 |
| 84 | 5 | 8.5±0.1 | 103.1±1.4 | 727.2±2.7 | 278.1±1.3 | 1,005.3±4.0 | 4.3±0.1 | 2.3±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 7.1±0.2 |
| 85 | 5 | 4.8±0.0 | 65.4±0.0 | 711.5±12.9 | 298.9±6.1 | 1,010.4±19.0 | 6.3±0.1 | 3.3±0.0 | 0.5±0.0 | 10.1±0.1 |
| 86 | 5 | 8.9±0.1 | 60.6±0.3 | 693.1±5.9 | 327.3±3.2 | 1,020.4±9.1 | 4.9±0.1 | 2.7±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 8.1±0.1 |
| 87 | 5 | 12.2±0.2 | 59.2±0.2 | 737.1±9.2 | 300.4±3.4 | 1,037.6±12.5 | 4.6±0.1 | 2.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 7.2±0.1 |
| 88 | 5 | 9.2±0.0 | 106.7±0.2 | 774.7±24.7 | 302.6±7.9 | 1,077.3±32.7 | 4.2±0.1 | 2.3±0.0 | 0.4±0.0 | 6.9±0.1 |
| 89 | 5 | 9.6±0.1 | 108.2±0.6 | 817.9±6.0 | 317.4±2.5 | 1,135.3±8.5 | 4.1±0.2 | 2.3±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 6.7±0.3 |
| 90 | 5 | 9.6±0.1 | 101.2±1.0 | 827.1±3.4 | 315.4±1.2 | 1,142.5±4.6 | 3.9±0.2 | 2.2±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 6.5±0.3 |
| 91 | 5 | 7.5±0.8 | 43.5±1.0 | 783.8±28.5 | 472.3±17.8 | 1,256.1±46.4 | 7.5±0.1 | 4.4±0.3 | 0.2±0.0 | 12.1±0.3 |
| 92 | 5 | 7.9±0.0 | 108.5±1.6 | 1,021.1±12.2 | 355.3±3.6 | 1,376.5±15.8 | 3.8±0.2 | 2.2±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | 6.5±0.1 |
| 93 | 5 | 8.7±0.0 | 115.4±1.7 | 1,029.5±0.6 | 372.4±0.2 | 1,402.0±0.8 | 4.0±0.2 | 2.0±0.0 | 0.5±0.0 | 6.5±0.2 |
Pungency level was labelled as following: －, no label; 1, mild hot; 2, slight hot; 3, medium hot; 4, very hot; 5, extreme hot.
All samples were analyzed in duplicate and expressed as mean±standard deviation.