Table 2. Vitamin D content in foods (mushrooms, fishes and shells, eggs, meat, pulses, milk, cereals, oils)

Food group Food name Cooking method Concentration (μg/kg)
n Vitamin D2 n Vitamin D3
Mushrooms King oyster mushroom Broiling 1 ND 1 ND
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Oyster mushroom Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Shiitake Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Fishes and shells Bonito As is/raw 6 ND 6 11.6-29.2
Boiling 6 ND 6 5.4-17.3
Stir-frying 6 ND 6 7.6-24.6
Pollack Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Mackerel Broiling 6 ND 6 39.1-120.2
Pan frying 6 ND 6 24.2-49.4
Anchovy Stir-frying 6 ND 6 29.0-124.0
Squid Stir-frying 6 ND 6 ND-7.6
Shrimp Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Mussel Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Scallop Broiling 1 ND 1 ND
Oyster As is/raw 1 ND 1 ND
Processed products Fish cake Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 6 ND 6 4.6-13.4
Eggs Egg Pan frying 6 ND 6 7.8-33.1
Simmering 6 ND 6 1.7-8.2
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Meat and meat products Chicken Deep frying 1 ND 1 ND
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Beef Broiling 6 ND 6 ND
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Beef, by-products Broiling 1 ND 1 ND
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Pork Deep frying 1 ND 1 ND
Broiling 6 ND 6 ND-12.2
Stir-frying 6 ND 6 ND-7.7
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Meat and meat products Pork, by-products Simmering 1 ND 1 ND
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Pork products, ham As is/raw 6 ND 6 ND-6.8
Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Pan frying 6 ND 6 ND-4.1
Sausage Boiling 1 ND 1 ND
Blanching 1 ND 1 ND
Stir-frying 1 ND 1 ND
Pulses Soybean milk As is/raw 6 ND 6 3.1-15.3
Milk and milk products Milk As is/raw 1 ND 1 ND
Cheese As is/raw 1 ND 1 ND
Semisolid yoghurt As is/raw 6 ND 6 ND-5.1
Liquid yoghurt As is/raw 6 ND 6 ND-136.9
Processed products Cereal As is/raw 6 ND 6 64.5-155.1
Biscuit, cookie As is/raw 1 ND 1 ND
Snack cookies As is/raw 1 ND 1 ND
Oils Perilla oil As is/raw 1 ND 1 ND
ND, not detected.