Table 3. Amino acid contents of yakju depending on the added amounts (5, 10, and 20%) and pretreatment conditions (steamed and non-steamed) of Jerusalem artichoke

Amino acid (mg/L)	JAP¹⁾ content and treatment
	0%	5%		10%		20%
	0%	Steamed	Non-steamed	Steamed	Non-steamed	Steamed	Non-steamed
Aspartic acid	156.43±7.82^2)B3)	98.16±4.91^C	159.79±7.99^A	69.50±3.48^D	118.54±5.93^B	22.30±1.12^E	88.42±4.42^C
Threonine	106.35±5.32^A	50.22±2.51^D	90.23±4.51^B	36.14±1.81^E	75.59±3.78^C	8.31±0.42^F	46.45±2.32^D
Serine	124.66±6.23^A	68.54±3.43^D	100.48±5.02^B	42.86±2.14^E	83.54±2.14^C	10.70±0.54^F	49.70±2.48^E
Glutamic acid	341.36±17.07^A	178.35±8.92^C	355.62±17.78^A	136.72±6.84^D	258.12±12.91^B	25.52±1.28^E	187.64±9.38^C
Glycine	146.72±7.34^B	86.5±4.33^D	97.84±4.89^C	19.83±0.99^F	191.13±9.56^A	15.06±0.75^F	39.73±1.99^E
Alanine	232.91±11.65^A	126.7±6.33^D	205.59±10.28^B	94.00±4.70^E	216.08±10.80^B	49.77±2.49^F	147.04±7.35^C
Cystine	28.3±1.41^A	16.57±0.83^D	22.48±1.12^C	8.98±0.45^F	25.53±1.28^B	6.03±0.30^G	13.80±0.69^E
Valine	161.93±8.10^A	70.83±3.54^D	158.92±7.95^A	63.99±3.2^D	110.62±5.53^B	25.49±1.27^E	97.80±4.89^C
Methionine	5.19±0.26^A	ND⁴⁾	4.17±0.21^B	1.32±0.07^D	3.22±0.16^C	ND	3.27±0.16^C
Isoleucine	122.55±6.13^A	49.24±2.46^E	113.44±5.67^B	43.64±2.18^E	88.84±4.44^C	18.85±0.94^F	68.17±3.41^D
Leucine	234.55±11.73^B	77.66±3.88^E	214.41±10.72^C	78.60±3.93^E	279.41±13.97^A	25.78±1.29^F	118.39±5.92^D
Tyrosine	97.00±4.85^A	43.23±2.16^D	84.11±4.21^B	32.22±1.61^E	72.21±3.61^C	9.45±0.47^F	44.28±2.21^D
Phenylalanine	128.16±6.41^B	53.08±2.65^C	139.97±7.00^A	39.74±1.99^D	136.49±6.82^A	10.92±0.55^E	55.84±2.79^C
Lysine	66.16±3.31^A	34.44±1.72^C	51.48±2.57^B	17.10±0.86^D	54.42±2.72^B	9.38±0.47^E	31.61±1.58^C
Histidine	72.83±3.64^A	37.03±1.85^D	62.85±3.14^B	23.29±1.16^F	53.29±2.66^C	12.17±0.61^G	32.22±1.61^E
Arginine	165.46±8.27^A	70.54±3.53^D	124.55±6.23^B	43.35±2.17^E	91.74±4.59^C	11.25±0.56^F	44.24±2.21^E
Proline	330.47±16.52^B	254.37±12.72^C	337.48±16.87^B	190.83±9.54^D	512.16±25.61^A	176.01±8.80^D	244.54±12.23^C
Total	2,521.03±41.50^A	1,315.5±65.77^C	2,323.39±60.17^B	942.12±25.11^D	2,370.93±86.51^B	436.98±11.85^E	1,313.16±55.66^C

JAP, Jerusalem artichoke powder.
All the data were expressed as mean±SD (n=3).
^A-GDifferent letters within the same row indicate a statistically significant difference (p<0.05).
ND, not detected.