Table 4. Chemical compounds found in different parts of C. oleifera

Parts Component name References
Triterpenoid saponins
Seed pulp Oleiferasaponin C1 Zong et al. (2015)
Oleiferasaponin C2
Oleiferasaponin C3
Defatted seeds Oleiferasaponin D1 Fu et al. (2018)
Oleiferasaponin D2
Oleiferasaponin D3
Roots Oleiferoside N Yang et al. (2015)
Oleiferoside O
Oleiferoside U
Flower buds Yuchasaponin A Sugimoto et al. (2009)
Yuchasaponin B
Yuchasaponin C
Trunk Skullcapflavone II Yan et al. (2015)
Ursolic acid
Betulinic acid
Leaves Lupeol Chen et al. (2010)
Kaempferol
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-rhamnoside
Flavonoids
Seed pulp Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside Gao et al. (2011)
Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside
Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside
Seed Naringenin Wang et al. (2017)
Luteolin
Myricetin
Roots Quercetin-3′-O-β-D-glucoside Wang et al. (2019)
Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-6-O-syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
Flower buds Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside Sugimoto et al. (2009)
Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside
Leaves Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Chen et al. (2010)
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-rhamnoside
Trunk Skullcapflavone II Yan et al. (2015)
Polyphenols
Seed pulp p-Hydroxybenzoic acid Jiao et al. (2019)
Gallic acid
Protocatechuic acid
Seed Epigallocatechin Wang et al. (2017)
p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
Phthalic acid
Lignan
Dump α-Conidendrin Yan (2016)
3’,4-O-Dimethylcedrusin
(−)-Medioresinol
Seed (−)-Pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Zhu et al. (2018)
Methylpinoresinol
(−)-Pinoresinol diglucoside
Roots (+)-Lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Wang et al. (2019)
Trunk (−)-Pinoresinol Yan et al. (2015)
Other compounds
Leaves 1-(3’,5’-Dihydroxy)-phenyl-2-(4’’-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-phenylethane Chen et al. (2011)
1-(3’,5’-Dimethoxy)-phenyl-2-(4’’-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-phenylethan
1-(3’,5’-Dimethoxy)-phenyl-2-[4’’-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 → 1)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-phenylethane
Roots Rubusoside Wang et al. (2019)
Dulcoside B
Seed Carbamate 4,4′-diphenylmethane-bis (methyl) Zhu et al. (2018)
Dump Acteoside Yan et al. (2016)
Seed coat Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one Wang et al. (2017)
(R)-de-O-Metillasiodiplodine
6-Ethyl-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone