Table 4. Free amino acid content of cheonggukjang added with brewer’s spent grain (μg/g DW¹⁾)

Amino acid	Addition ratio of BSG (%)
Amino acid	0	5	10	15
Essential amino acid (EAA)
Histidine	597.67±0.18^2)c3)	516.09±0.16^d	603.47±0.84^b	775.55±0.95^a
Isoleucine	477.74±0.79^d	621.36±0.54^c	659.64±0.20^b	830.74 ±0.45^a
Leucine	1,063.66±0.68^c	1,036.73±1.53^d	1,136.07±0.83^b	1,518.58±0.59^a
Lysine	375.47±0.87^c	338.33±1.38^d	409.25±0.90^b	531.10±0.89^a
Methionine	672.63±0.59^c	591.50±0.94^d	742.83±0.35^b	950.13±1.14^a
Cystine	1,042.23±0.87^c	936.85±0.76^d	1,160.10±0.66^b	1,231.61±0.54^a
Phenylalanine	2,041.65±1.44^c	1,737.20±0.97^d	2,304.30±1.56^b	3,037.67±0.62^a
Tyrosine	1,410.47±1.84^c	1,389.06±1.06^d	1,778.67±0.76^b	2,247.17±0.95^a
Threonine	306.20±0.52^c	310.81±0.97^c	325.32±0.61^b	421.34±1.02^a
Valine	612.69±1.43^d	706.12±1.89^c	727.28±1.17^b	956.31±1.14^a
Non-essential amino acid
Alanine	40.67±0.58^c	123.80±0.86^b	140.65±0.57^a	140.71±1.92^a
Arginine	323.46±1.48^d	568.54±0.52^c	576.08±0.20^b	705.39±1.32^a
Aspartic acid	57.48±0.44^c	-⁴⁾	67.71±0.25^b	76.42±0.49^a
Glutamic acid	2,320.10±0.72^d	3,053.52±0.57^a	3,003.26±1.53^b	2,924.76±0.66^c
Glycine	25.45±0.62^c	56.96±0.82^d	89.58±0.34^a	86.70±1.04^b
Serine	353.96±0.87^c	348.78±0.59^d	423.59±0.49^b	536.79±1.07^a
Taurine	86.23±0.16^d	170.75±0.59^c	183.73±1.10^b	213.98±0.84^a
γ-Aminobutyric acid	474.70±0.61^c	389.26±1.01^d	555.38±0.64^b	610.45±0.80^a
Total EAA	8,600.40±1.45^c	8,184.06±1.93^d	9,846.94±1.99^b	12,500.20±1.87^a
Total amino acid	12,282.45±1.81^d	12,895.67±1.85^c	14,886.93±1.10^b	17,795.42±1.46^a

DW, dry weight.
Values are mean±SD (n=3).
Values with different superscript letters (^a-d) in the same row are significantly different at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.
not detected.