Table 3. Water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of low-moisture extruded meat analog by spent coffee grounds (SCGs) content

SCGs content (%) Water holding capacity (g/g) Oil holding capacity (g/g)
0 6.60±0.081)a 1.90±0.20a
5 4.80±0.27b 1.68±0.05a
10 4.01±0.11c 1.70±0.08a
Values are mean±SD (n=3). Different superscript letters within a column indicate significant differences at p<0.05 by Tukey’s HSD.