Table 2. Germination rate and shoot length of broccoli and barley seeds treated with the aqueous ClO₂

Samples	Measurement	ClO₂ treatment(ppm)	Treatment time (min)
Samples	Measurement	ClO₂ treatment(ppm)	0	5	10	30	60
Broccoli seed	Germination rate (%)	Control	70.35±5.16^1)NS	72.60±1.98^b	73.25±1.06^b	73.50±1.41^c	74.60±4.81^NS
		100	71.75±2.47	82.40±2.26^a	82.60±4.81^a	88.25±2.76^a	84.10±5.23
		300	76.65±7.00	80.70±3.25^a	81.85±0.78^ab	83.90±2.12^ab	85.35±3.75
		600	74.10±1.98	76.70±0.28^ab	81.55±3.89^ab	82.15±0.78^b	84.45±2.90
	Shoot length (cm)	Control	3.93±0.40^NS	4.10±0.36^NS	4.07±0.51^NS	4.20±0.53^NS	4.50±0.50^NS
		100	4.87±0.47	4.97±0.65	4.83±0.57	4.00±0.50	4.50±0.30
		300	4.30±0.44	4.33±0.51	4.20±0.52	4.47±0.65	4.50±0.62
		600	4.20±0.56	4.23±0.35	4.33±0.46	4.33±0.70	4.37±0.86
Barley sprout seed	Germination rate (%)	Control	56.45±2.19^NS	56.85±1.20^NS	59.40±1.98^c	61.75±4.17^b	65.65±2.33^b
		100	55.00±2.69	59.85±3.04	78.75±4.60^a	86.25±2.76^a	88.05±5.30^a
		300	61.90±4.81	66.55±8.13	80.85±0.64^a	84.00±7.92^a	87.30±3.82^a
		600	60.35±4.17	66.05±3.61	69.25±4.60^b	58.35±1.77^b	50.45±2.05^c
	Shoot length (cm)	Control	10.67±1.04^a	11.57±0.60^a	11.63±0.32^a	12.07±0.84^a	12.83±0.31^a
		100	10.90±0.82^a	10.63±0.38^ab	10.27±0.59^ab	10.10±0.70^b	9.97±0.64^b
		300	9.73±0.25^a	9.37±1.01^b	8.67±1.53^b	8.57±1.12^b	8.50±2.35^b
		600	5.93±0.47^b	5.93±0.55^c	5.43±0.47^c	5.03±0.95^c	3.20±0.75^c

All values are mean±SD (n=3). Different superscript letters (^a-c) in each column indicate significant differences at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test. NS, not significant.